Microbiological Contaminants
- Ecoli / Bacteria
- Protozoa - Giardia & Cryptosporidium
- Viruses
Chemical / Mineral Contaminants
- Chlorine
- Iron
- Maganese
- Calcium & Magnessium (Hardness)
- Fluoride
- pH
- Copper
- Sodium & Chloride
- Silica
- Nitrates
- Hydrogen Sulphide (Rotten Egg Smell)
- Tannins
- Arsenic
- Boron
- Lead
- Aluminium
- Zinc
2 Approximately 1% of water treated is used for drinking and cooking purposes. The mains that carry water to our homes often leach harmful pollutants into the water supply, which increases as the pipes age. A significant percentage of existing pipes are made of asbestos fibre cement.
The increase in population is placing a greater demand on water supplies and industrial waste, tips leaching, chemical spills, excessive herbicide, pesticide sprays, chemical dumps and sewerage have all contributed to our underground aquifer being seriously affected by pollution, harmful bacteria and cysts.
Treated water supplies use the deadly poison CHLORINE to kill cysts, bacteria and viruses. Research has proved that chlorine forms carcinogenic compounds such as trihalomethanes and chloroforms and when mixed with organic matter can cause different forms of cancer.
The most sophisticated water treatment plants in the world are unable to stop a number of unwanted diseases and chemicals from entering our water. Parasites and cysts such as GIARDIA and CHRYPTOSPORIDIUM are resistant to chlorine. This is why the amount of chlorine used is increased. When washing concrete with chlorine, care must be taken not to erode the concrete. Chlorine also kills Vitamin E and other vitamins. Animals prefer chlorine free water.
What about boiling/bottled or rain water?
Boiled water
To ensure water is free from disease it should be boiled for at least 15 minutes. With the increase in chlorine and spray chemicals in everyday water, just bringing the water to boil can double the amount of contaminants.
Bottled water
Some bottled water has been shown to contain excessive bacteria. This occurs when the chlorine has been removed from the water which is then stored, allowing bacteria to multiply.
Rain water
Nature uses rain water to cleanse the atmosphere free of contaminants. Rainwater picks up 25% of its impurities before it reaches the ground. The significant increase in giardia, chryptosporidium and spray chemicals are major contributors to pollution in rain water tanks.
Contaminants
You can find contaminants, their sources and the problems they may cause listed in table below
CONTAMINANTS |
SOURCE |
PROBLEMS |
Arsenic |
Geothermal areas |
Health problems |
Bacteria |
Septic tanks, bird and animal faecesback flushing from incorrectly connected W.C. bowls, sewage discharges |
Diarrhoea, Gastroenteritis |
Boron |
Geothermal areas |
Health problems. |
Carbon dioxide |
Atmosphere and decaying vegetation |
Corrosion |
Chemicals |
Backflow (suck-back) from incorrectly connected dosing equipment, cattle feeding systems, garden hoses dangling in container etc |
Health problems depending on the nature of chemical contaminants. |
Colour |
Decaying vegetation |
Appearance |
Copper |
Dissolved from pipes or taps by aggressive water |
Staining, taste |
Faecal material |
Backflow (suck-back) from incorrectly connected waste disposal equipment animal washdowns, etc |
Diarrhoea, Gastrointestinal infection |
Hardness |
Dissolved rocks |
Soap demand |
Iron |
Dissolved rocks, especially in bore water |
Taste, Staining, Clogging of pipes and valves |
Manganese |
Dissolved rocks |
Taste, Staining |
Nitrates |
Fertilisers, clover, Septic tank soakage |
Can cause health problems for bottle fed babies |
pH |
Atmosphere, decaying vegetation, dissolved rocks |
Corrosion if too low, Scale forming if too high |
Protozoan cysts, eg Giardia |
Septic tanks: bird and animal faeces on roofs, in streams; sewage discharges |
Diarrhoea, Protozoan infection |
Taste and odour |
Algae |
Unpleasant to drink, Can be toxic |
Turbidity |
Dirt |
Appearance (usually biologically Contaminated |
Viruses |
Sewage, bird and animal faeces |
Gastroenteritis |